ELI5: What are electrons?

Imagine everything around you is made of tiny, tiny building blocks called atoms.

Now, think of these atoms like tiny solar systems. In the middle is the nucleus (like the sun), and whizzing around the nucleus are even tinier things called electrons (like planets).

• Electrons are super tiny and have a special power: they carry something called negative charge.

• You have a toy with a magnet inside.
• Another toy also has a magnet.
• If the magnets are lined up the right way, they stick together.
• Electrons are like those magnets, but instead of sticking to just anything, they stick to things with a positive charge.

Here's how they show up in everyday life:

• Lights: When you turn on a light switch, you're making electrons flow through a wire. This flow of electrons is called electricity, and it makes the light bulb glow!
• Static Electricity: When you rub a balloon on your hair, you're making electrons jump from your hair to the balloon. That's why your hair stands up!
• Batteries: Batteries are like tiny electron storage units. They slowly release electrons to power your toys or phone.